How Smoking Ages Skin and Causes Premature Wrinkles

How Smoking Ages Skin and Causes Premature Wrinkles Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print How Smoking Causes Early Aging and Premature Wrinkles By Sharon Basaraba twitter Sharon Basaraba is an award-winning reporter and senior scientific communications advisor for Alberta Health Services in Alberta, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Sharon Basaraba Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Armeen Poor, MD on January 27, 2020 Armeen Poor, MD, is a board-certified pulmonologist and intensivist. He specializes in pulmonary health, critical care, and sleep medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Armeen Poor, MD Updated on February 19, 2020 Gilbert Laurie / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery If you’re a heavy smoker, you may have noticed signs, such as premature wrinkles, that your skin is aging more dramatically than your peers who dont smoke. Researchers have documented the aging effects of smoking on skin and have even coined the phrase smokers face. So, why does this happen? Smoking and Your Body Tobacco’s effects on your heart, lungs,  and overall life span are well-known. Smoking has been described by the World Health Organization as the single greatest preventable cause of disease, disability, and death globally. In fact, long-term smokers are robbed of as much as a decade of life, according to large-scale studies on women and men. Tobacco smoke contains more than 3,800 different chemical components, many of which can damage tissues directly or interfere with chemical processes necessary to keep those tissues healthy. The same chemicals can cause wrinkles and other premature aging of your skin. Smoking and Your Skin Premature wrinkling was first documented in smokers in the early 1970s, in the Annals of Internal Medicine.?? In a study of more than 1,100 subjects, University of California researcher Harry W. Daniell noted that the severity of wrinklingâ€"after accounting for factors like age and sun exposureâ€"was most apparent in smokers of both sexes beginning around the age of 30. Smokers between the ages of 40 and 49, reported Daniell, were as likely to be “prominently” wrinkled as non-smokers who were 20 years older. Later research published in the American Journal of Public Health found that women smokers were more likely than male smokers to be moderately or severely wrinkled  when compared with non-smokers of the same age.?? Tobacco’s Effects Thanks to an estimated 4,000 or so chemical constituents, tobacco damages skin in a variety of ways, affecting its elasticity, texture, color and even its chemical makeup. These injuries leave skin more vulnerable to cancer such as squamous cell carcinoma  as well as noncancerous psoriasis. Whats more, smoking has been shown to impede wound healing and even worsen skin conditions like eczema. People exposed to second-hand smoke also face a greater risk of these skin problems. Smokers also often have yellowish or grayish skin, which is referred to as “smoker’s melanosis.” According to a 2009 study published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, smoking likely accelerates the rate of skin aging by producing more of an enzyme called matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).?? In healthy skin, this enzyme breaks down collagen fibers, so new collagen can be formed. The researchers, from Nagoya City University Medical School, discovered that skin cells exposed to tobacco smoke extract produce much more of the destructive enzyme. In addition, skin cells treated with the extract generated 40 percent less fresh collagen. Collagen has been called the scaffolding that supports the outer layer of skin. When it’s destroyed or reduced, wrinkles result. It’s hypothesized that damage to small blood vessels near the surface of the skin might contribute to color changes in the faces of people who smoke. Future Faces and Anti-Smoking Campaigns Some scientists and public health advocates believe that warnings about tobacco’s effects on the skin would be more effective than statistics on smoking, cancer and heart disease. This approach has been tried by some North American school boards, and a 2011 study suggests they’re on the right track. Published in the British Journal of Health Psychology, the research found that when young women were shown photos of what they’d look like after years of smoking, the subjects were shocked at the aging effects of their habitâ€"and said they would quit.?? The study used so-called “age-progression” software developed in conjunction with the Ontario Science Centre. Called “Aprilage,” the program uses visual aging data compiled from thousands of faces to alter a photographâ€"adding the effects of a long-term smoking habit or of photoaging caused by years of ultraviolet exposure to the sun.

Better Days Charity Trustfundraising Plan Coursework Paper - 1650 Words

Better Days Charity Trustfundraising Plan Coursework Paper (Coursework Sample) Content: NameProfessorSubjectDateBetter-days charity trustfundraising planIntroduction of the projectThe Better Days Charity Trust is a charity organization working in Good lands Region. The trust is responsible for various initiatives whose key goals include caring and supporting people with cancer, creating awareness through education programs on cancer and representing cancer survivors interests in the society.According to the City Health Department, approximately 30% of deaths result from cancer and cancer-related illnesses. Of all cancer patients, only a minority 45% can access proper medical care, while the majority 55% cannot afford medical insurance or decent medical attention when in need of it. This fact is worrying since the City Health Department s major expense item is health. Over the last two years, the health budget has been adjusted to lean more on cancer patients than any other illness. Better Days Charity Trust, therefore, steps up to join hands with well-w ishers in promoting cancer patients welfare.The fundraiser event is labeled Together we Fight Cancer. It happens annually in the month of August. The target revenue collection is 3 million dollars. The funds will be used to cover medical bills, cancer awareness campaigns, and support projects for cancer patients.PROJECT SCOPE STATEMENTName of The Project: Together we Fight Cancer Fundraiser Project Number: CNCR 003 - 2016 Project Manager: PETER HAGIN Checklist Project Target/scope well defined The major goal of the fundraiser is to raise $ 3 million Budget Cost Estimate The event expenditure capped at $ 500,000For awards and gifts and utility bills, awareness and other miscellaneous expenses Schedule of Events/Timeline clearly laid down Well planned a schedule of events. Close monitoring under supervision of project manager Venue Management and security assured Avoid congestion by having enough entry and exit points, Proper security checks. Quality management and excellent visi tor experience Outsourced service providers well oriented to quality standards. Constraints Inadequate staff and budget constraintsTime since all events must take place in one day Risk and mitigation Risk of terror attacks, Personal accidentsSolicit for enough police security. Project ObjectiveMeeting the revenue target of $3 million is challenging. Among the products sold includes t-shirts, Marathon registration fees, entry fees to soccer matches and sponsorship. Better-Days Charity Trust logo and message to encourage support for cancer patients will be printed on banners, posters, and T-shirts as well as TV commercials.Meeting the cost of the eventThe total estimated project cost is $500,000. The cost will be met in part by donors and the city council government. The 60% to be borne by Better-Days Charity Trust.Schedule of activitiesThe Family marathon will commence the days activities. Estimated time is allocated 3 hours to cover 10 km walk. Entertainment and sporting activities will take the afternoon, with some running concurrently, taking 3 hours in total. Address to visitors by Good lands Hospital Senior Director in charge of cancer management and the city Mayor. The event ends at 5.30 pm.Venue Management and securityBetter-Days Charity Trust cancer patients support message must be well displayed, clearly visible to all visitors. All events must be organized to flow smoothly. All participants must adhere to the safety protocols in place so that highest caliber of the organization is displayed. Congestion which may negatively impact local environment and participants. Environmental consciousness must be observed to keep it clean.PROJECT PRIORITIESFundraising approval by the City Charity Regulatory BoardBetter-Days Charity Trust needs approval from the Mayors office for all fundraising activities. The approval process takes seven business days. A duly filled application form filled and signed on behalf of the trust must be submitted three months before. A ll planning, sponsorship proposals, printing materials, recruiting staff and advertising will depend on whether the application has been approved or not. The date of the event is also subject to regulatory measures imposed by the government. All targeted sponsor companies and outsourced service providers vetting is also part of the approval process. The budget summary and a written project plan have to be submitted with other project disclosure documents.Fundraiser campaignThe fundraising campaign priorities includes: * Designing the project theme (slogan, color theme, to be used in TV commercials, banners, and T-shirts) * Update the trust website with fundraiser information and include donation options. * Negotiate advertising deals for TV advertisements and billboards two months before the fundraising day. * Print banners and posters two months before the fundraising day. * Write fundraiser proposals to target sponsor companies and organizations. * Write partnership proposals to o ther cancer patients support organizations and clubs.Online sales of campaign materialsPreparation of campaign content is the first step. Naturally, people are more attracted by visual content more than text and therefore the content should maximize the use of photos and minimize on words. However, a clear message on the fundraiser and the purpose must be communicated. The second step involves offering a discount on all sales up to two weeks before the fundraiser.Recruit a team to process the online orders and dispatch the T-shirts, caps, banners and other campaign materials. The buyers will be able to place their orders using an online catalog on the Trusts website. All payments to be made using credit card and other online payment methods. All confirmed purchases to be distributed through the mail room with a thank you note.Organizing The Family marathonVarious stakeholders will be engaged including the City Sports Department, The police department, and volunteers. Interested par ties will sign up online by filling a sign-up form on the company website. Next will be reserving the route and assigning volunteers at the checkpoints and printing Marathon T-shirts will be different from the general participation T-shirt.Marathon RouteOrganizing Football LeagueA soccer match will not only be a good way to raise funds but also a fun way of supportingcancer for both players and fans. Local teams will be invited to register and play matches as thepublic is invited to watch and pay the entry fee. The final will be played on the fundraising dayto entertain the guests and participants. Winner teams will win a cash token of $50,000. The CityStadium can hold a capacity of 50,000 spectators. Planning activities include: 1 Create sign-up forms for teams 2 Reserve City Stadium for the matches 3 Printing team uniforms. 4 Acquire the equipment needed. 5 Recruit technical bench to run the tournament. 6 Set up payment method that makes it easy to collect the entry fees.Award and speech ceremonyThe award ceremony will conclude the fundraising event. Time allocated in the schedule is 1 hour. Awards will go to the winning football teams. The mayor or his representative will award the leading soccer team. Speeches will encourage the move to support cancer patients and create awareness on the issues cancer patients face and how the raised funds are intended to be used.Work Breakdown StructureActivitiesActivity Essentials Assessment Criteria Campaign launch and publicity * Posters and banners * Branded products * Tv commercial messages * Online sales * Website * Promotion content * Processing orders and delivery Team * T-shirts Target sales of $1,000,000 Family Marathon * Marathon route to be secured * Ambulances stationed at the start point, along the track and finish line. * Water spots at every mile check- point * Energy drinks station at mile 7 check-point. * A Power Gel station is located at 17 Miles * Police and Safety Officials will be stationed alon g the track to ensure safety of the runners Observe strict schedule.Marathon to begin and end on scheduled time Soccer League * Stadium * Local teams * Sound System * Uniforms * $80,000 for awards Thorough checks at entry points to ensure the environment is safe and congestion free. Awards and speeches * Sound system * Awards * Dignitaries, The Mayor, senior medical officers, cancer patients representatives Speeches to be conducted as per the schedule Clean Up * Collecting garbage to leave the environment clean Clean environment Roles and responsibilitiesResponsible person/party Duties City Sports Department Coordinates the marathon in liaison with Better Days Trust Mayors Office Providing approval for the fundraising campaignDelivering conclusion speech and giving awards Finance department Better Days Trust Manages the fundraising budget of $500,000 Police Traffic Department Planning of marathon route. Set up barriers for the family marathon to keep off traffic in designate d are...

Online Courses And Traditional Courses Essay - 1769 Words

With the developing of technology, internet gradually becomes an important element in many areas. The high efficiency and convenient of internet benefits many individuals and groups. Internet also involves higher education in many different ways, and online courses is one of them. When the online courses appear, people begin to compare them with traditional classes which are taught in visual classroom. As a result, two groups of people with different idea on online courses will against each other. However, I do not think there is a specific result to say which one is better for higher education. Data table shows that the gap of online courses and traditional courses is only 2.94(Daymont Blau, 2008, May). The data shows that these two kinds of education will lead to similar result, and both of them have unique advantages and disadvantages. Internet is just a tool which can helps students succeed. This tool may be only fit for groups of people and some of classes, but it will improve the higher education as a whole when it combine with traditional teaching method. Just like eating, each person may choose different tableware for each dish. Usually, people will use more than one tableware for one meal, because each tableware has unique function, and the combination of them will lead to a most effective result. Same with the courses in higher education, the combination of online courses and traditional visual classroom will lead to the most effective and efficiency way toShow MoreRelatedOnline Courses Versus Traditional Courses918 Words   |  4 Pageslook at Online Traditional courses The choices we make for our education are very important. Especially when it comes to our college education, and the types of courses we will take. In today’s society 30% of all college students take at least one online class. That brings us to the subject I want to talk about in this essay. What is the comparison and contrast of online courses versus traditional courses? We will examine the similarities and differences of online and traditional coursesRead MoreOnline Courses are Superior to Traditional Courses Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1999, Mark Bonner of PricewaterhouseCoopers accurately predicted, â€Å"Online learning will rapidly become one of the most cost-effective ways to educate the world’s expanding workforce.† Fifteen years later, his statement is truer than ever, as the price of going to a four-year university skyrockets, and technology required to get the same degree online becomes more available. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, from 2000 to 2010, the average cost for undergraduate tuitionRead More Online Courses vs. Traditional Courses Essays911 Words   |  4 PagesToday, more and more colleges are offering courses to students that are entirely online. Students who are drawn to online courses include students working full-time jobs, students who would prefer a private study environment, or students who find that online courses are easier than traditional (campus-based) courses. Advertisements geared to encourage students to register for online classes have the tendency to portray them as being easier and requiring less work than its campus counterpart. ForRead MoreDifferences in a Traditional Class and an Online Course.768 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences in a traditional class and an online course Although the concept of learning a subject in a traditional class and an online course are the same, they differ in many ways. Both have a goal for students to learn from the information given to them, but their techniques for teaching that information are not at all alike. With a traditional class, students are able to work one on one with the teacher, whereas with an online course students haveRead MoreOnline Courses A Better Way Of Learning Than A Traditional On Campus1638 Words   |  7 PagesOnline classes are quickly becoming a popular option for college students. Although being around since the mid-90s, it has taken off over the past few years. It can be a beneficial alternative to on-campus classes. Institutions are trying to make it more convenient for students to get their degree. Some of the people who can benefit from online classes are students who live far from their college, have children, have jobs, or are disabled. People in this era are already on the internet for the majorityRead MoreEssay about Exploring Traditional Versus Online College Courses1233 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most challenging part of the day. Now with the innovation of online courses there’s no urgency, as these courses are done from the comfort of one’s residence at any time in day the student chooses. Online courses are booming in popularity. One re search study conducted by the Sloan Consortium, an institution devoted to mainstreaming online colleges, reported that as many as 4.6 million students were enrolled in online courses in 2008 (Seaman). The author has had the opportunity to experienceRead MoreOnline Classes Are Rapidly Becoming A More Popular And Accepted Option Among Students1493 Words   |  6 PagesOnline classes are rapidly becoming a more popular and accepted option among many students. An online course is a course where all or most course material is delivered online and there is little to no face-to-face contact with the instructor or other students in the class. Although online classes have been around for quite a long while, they have only recently become more popular among students. According to one article on the topic of online education, â€Å"6.7 million students enrolled in at leastRead MoreTraditional Vs. Traditional Courses994 Words   |  4 PagesTraditional Versus Online Courses Getting your education is a very important thing to do in your lifetime, and there are many ways to do so. The two most common ways of getting your degree, whether it be a high school diploma or a college degree, are online courses and traditional courses, which is face to face, classroom classes. According to the results of a new national research study (Karambelas 1), 78% of more than 1000 students surveyed still believe that it is easier to learn in a classroomRead MoreTraditional And Online College Classes908 Words   |  4 PagesTraditional or Online College Classes? Today, there are more options than ever for obtaining a college education. Traditional and online college classes make this possible. Online courses create new educational possibilities for many people who have not considered college before. Traditional classes help the student to achieve their goal with more of a personal setting between the students and instructors. Both online and traditional colleges have the same goals in mind: to provide students withRead MoreOnline Classes vs Traditional Classes944 Words   |  4 PagesOnline Classes versus Traditional Classes Technology and education has given students many choices in how they obtain their education such as online classes. There have been numerous discussions recently about the success of online learning. The success of the online classes versus traditional classes is based upon the uniqueness of each individual way of learning. Online classes and traditional classes provide flexibility, direct communication and course materials. Studies have shown that online

The Three Different Types of Manatees

When Disaster Strikes Bp s Risk Management Failure Essay

When Disaster Strikes: BP’s Risk Management Failure Risk is a concept that many organizations deal with on an everyday basis. In fact, risk is an integral facet of operating an organization. Risk has negative connotations, but that is a misnomer, because many organizations make use of it for positive gain. One way of looking at risk is that it is what an organization lays on the line so that they can gain something in return. Risk is not inherently bad; it is how an organization manages it that matters. If an organization fails to manage risk properly then that is when problems ensue. In this paper, we will take a look at an example of a company that failed to manage risk properly and explain how it could have been averted. The company that we are going to focus on is British Petroleum (BP) and how their failure to manage risk has resulted in the largest marine oil spill in history. It is through examining and understanding what went wrong that we will be able to find out that risk is always present, it is managing it that matters. In the case of BP, the risks piled up without any safeguards. The disaster that would highlight BP’s failure to manage risk properly is the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The disaster barely needs an introduction because it is known as one of the most devastating manmade disasters in history. The problem that is the culmination of failed risk management happened on April 20, 2010 in the BP operated Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of MexicoShow MoreRelatedDisaster Disasters Of The Gulf Of Mexico2711 Words   |  11 Pageshistory there have been many disasters that have plagued humanity. These disasters have caused an untold amount of damages and an untold number of lives lost. Each disaster is different from each other and each can leave their own impact on human civilization. Many of these disasters are of the nature variety, these typically include your hurricanes, tornados, tsunamis, and many others that can impact humani ty. We can’t control these types of disasters, any many of them can strike at any time with littleRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Essay2353 Words   |  10 PagesThe e Deepwater Horizon oil spill at the Macondo well began on April 20, 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect. An explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig on 20 April 2010 killed 11 people and caused almost 5 million barrels of oil to flow into the Gulf of Mexico. The spill covered 68,000 square miles of land and sea and triggered a response effort involving the use of nearly 2 million gallons of dispersant chemicals (Pallardy). Considered the largest accidentalRead MoreNegligence Of Social Contract And Its Breaching2467 Words   |  10 Pages Introduction: BP oil spill which is also called the deep water horizon spill have become one of the largest oil spill in the history that began on 20 April 2014. There was discharged of 4.9 million barrels of oil i.e. in the floor of the gulf of Mexico which caused the death of 11 lives, 6104 birds and also the sea turtles as well as the 100 dolphin .likewise, it also affect several wildlife’s .This disaster have wiped nearly about $40 million from the market value of BP’s and also in may 2010Read MoreBusiness Continuity Plans And The Disaster Recovery Plan1580 Words   |  7 Pages(BCP) and the Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) are twin resources derived to preserve vital organization operations when facing an unsuspecting disaster. A disaster can be either natural or man-made. Natural disasters include floods, fires, earthquakes, and lightning strikes. Some of the more common man-made disasters are acts of terrorism, thefts, office violence, and sabotage. However, for business any a ction that stops or reduces productivity, it is conceived as being a disaster. For example ifRead MoreComprehensive Security Management Plan8534 Words   |  35 PagesColorado Technical University Comprehensive Security Management Plan for Colorado History Individual Project 5 By Roy A. Kelly II Colorado Springs, Colorado December 22, 2012 Table of Contents Project Outline 4 Security Requirements 5 Organizational Chart (Colorado Historical Society, 2012) 5 Proposed Security Working Group 6 Security Business Requirements 9 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) 9 Capability Levels 11 Base Practices 11 ProceduresRead MoreBp 7s Analysis10010 Words   |  41 PagesBP plc[3][4]  (LSE:  BP,  NYSE:  BP) is a British  multinational  oil  and  gas  company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest energy company and  fourth-largest company in the world  measured by 2011 revenues and is one of the six oil and gas supermajors.[5][6]  It is  vertically integrated  and operates in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including  exploration  and  production,refining,  distribution and marketing,  petrochemicals,  power generation  and  trading. It also has  renewableRead MoreBp 7s Analysis10000 Words   |  40 PagesBP plc[3][4]  (LSE:  BP,  NYSE:  BP) is a British  multinational  oil  and  gas  company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest energy company and  fourth-largest company in the world  measured by 2011 revenues and is one of the six oil and gas supermajors.[5][6 ]  It is  vertically integrated  and operates in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including  exploration  and  production,refining,  distribution and marketing,  petrochemicals,  power generation  and  trading. It also has  renewableRead MoreTata Steel Strategy7930 Words   |  32 Pagesindustry 5 Strategic Capabilities 7 Tata Steel’s strategic purpose: 10 Shareholder or stakeholder values perspective? 10 Corporate values, mission and vision as expression of the strategic purpose. 11 Cultural influences. 13 Strategic Drift risk 13 Paradigm 14 Conclusion 15 Appendix n °1 17 1.1) Analysis of PESTEL framework. 17 1.2) Analysis of the Five Forces Framework. 17 1.3) Different perspectives to strategy: Outside in perspective/Inside out perspective. 18 2.1) StrategicRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored inRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009

The Problem Of Cell 13, By Jacques Futrelle - 1156 Words

Everybody has something they love and are committed to. Unquestionably, in the short story, â€Å"The Problem of Cell 13,† by Jacques Futrelle, Professor Augustus S.F.X. Van Dusen is not an exception. The Thinking Machine, as he is colloquially known as, is challenged by associates Dr. Charles Ransome and Mr. Alfred Fielding to escape from a high-security prison cell using only his mind. Being as passionate as he is about logic, he accepts. In the story, Futrelle conveys the human experience of commitment by using descriptive literary devices, and emphasizing the dynamic character Dr. Charles Ransome. One indisputably evident theme infused into â€Å"The Problem of Cell 13† is if you believe in something, you should go to great lengths for it.†¦show more content†¦Another example on page 249 reads, â€Å"You might treat me precisely as you treated prisoners under sentence of death, and I would leave the cell† (Futrelle). This shows that The Thinking Mach ine is claiming to be able to think his way out of a cell in order to document his claim. Because he is so passionate about logic, he is willing to spend a week in this cell, and eventually succeeds at escaping. Therefore, Dr. Charles Ransome is a dynamic character. In the story, Dr. Ransome is a scientist who strongly believes The Thinking Machine cannot escape a high security prison. An early attribute Dr. Ransome carries is his doubtfulness - â€Å"giving rise to uncertainty† (â€Å"Doubtful†). In fact, on page 249, Dr. Ransome reasons, â€Å"No man can think himself out of a cell† (Futrelle). Although The Thinking Machine says he can escape, Dr. Ransome still doubts the possibility of The Thinking Machine living up to his name and thinking his way out of a cell. A conversation takes place on page 249 between The Thinking Machine and Dr. Ransome: â€Å"You might treat me precisely as you treated prisoners under the sentence of death, and I would leave the cell.† â€Å"Not unless you entered it with tools prepared to get out,† said Dr. Ransome. (Futrelle) Again, Dr. Ransome questions The Thinking Machine by arguing he could only escape prison using tools. He plainy does not believe The Thinking Machine’s theory of anything being possible. Because Dr. Ransome is a dynamic character, heShow MoreRelatedIsolation in Detective Fiction Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pageselements to support common themes that are woven into many different works of detective fiction. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s â€Å"The Adventure of the Speckled Band†, Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and Jacques Futrelle’s â€Å"The Problem of Cell 13† each support the theme of isolation in detective fiction. Throughout detective fiction, isolation instills the silent chaos and fear of separation into society. One element of detective fiction that authors use to create

Contemporary Diversity Issues in Communication Free Essays

If there is one particularly adverse effect of globalization, that is the homogenization of culture and the subservience of minority or ethnic cultures and languages under the dominant one. It is a phenomenon that if allowed to continue unabated can lead to the extinction of minority languages and culture, which in effect can lead to the loss of the uniqueness that renders individuals with their own creative individuality. In a world that purports to celebrate diversity, it is ironic that communication seems to be leaning towards homogenization or standardization of forms. We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Diversity Issues in Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization necessitates the need for the homogenization of communication because in an age of international businesses, language diversity can hinder trade relations and transactions. Using one form of communication facilitates interaction and leaves very little room for misinterpretation. Languages develop out of the user’s need to express themselves. As such, it is fair to say that all languages are equal. This equality means that all languages, regardless of their characteristics and linguistic qualities, all meet the social and psychological needs of the users. (Crystal, 1987, p.6) They are tailor made to the unique circumstances of the people and culture that created them. In the face of unrelenting globalization, these unique languages and cultures are giving way to a standard form. The standard form imposes itself upon other languages in the form of linguistic prescription or prescriptive norms in culture, defining a standard form or ways of doing for a specific purpose or activity. Prescriptive norms serve as a controlling force that is exerted by the community over its members (Punder 2000, p. 141), and globalization imposes the homogenization of language and culture to facilitate communication and relations. While the usefulness and convenience of having a standard language or culture, particularly in a business environment, cannot be dismissed, this way of thinking brings to the table a lot of complications; not the least of which is stereotyping and its resultant complications like cultural and political discrimination. As John Fought (2007) once said, â€Å"Language has always helped to signify who we are in society, sometimes serving as a basis for exclusion. † The determination of the use of a standard language is largely a function of political and economic power, in an act of acknowledgment of a certain culture’s dominance over the rest. A standard form of language and culture will be of no use when there is no variation in the first place. There is a need to standardize because the diversity in our languages requires us to lessen the confusion and make for efficient transaction of our ordinary activities and important businesses. Because language is a fundamental aspect of culture, it is therefore only natural that we become defined or identified by our native language. Difficulties can arise if we are not fluent in the standard language being used in a particular place. In such cases, when we do not know the standard form of communication, we are immediately labeled as â€Å"foreigners†, or not born native to the place, a label that carries with it an entirely new set of biases and stereotypes that limits the opportunities that would have otherwise been available to the individual. The need to conform is related to the prestige that is associated with being able to act and communicate according to the dominant language or culture. (Abrams et al 2005, p. 120) Related to the issue of race is the issue of social class. There are some people who have more linguistic powers at their disposal and are able to use this fluency to their advantage. (Bonfiglio, 2002, p. 12) Fluency in language often connotes good breeding and education. Conversely, if you have difficulties in the standard language, other people will consider it as a statement of weakness or lack of social status. Of course it should also be said that the bias also goes the other way. In most third-world countries, those who speak a foreign language or have foreign accents are considered first class citizens and are given preferential treatment in all aspects of their functional activities. What we speak and how we speak, reflects our history as an individual. How we speak makes a statement about who we are as a person and a measure of who we could be Either way, these stereotyping based on one’s communication style is very counter-productive and corrosive to the individual. Aside from discrimination and stereotyping, homogenization of communication is also adversely affecting the rich diversity of our world’s languages, particularly on dialects. As prescriptive norms of standardized communication forms threaten the extinction of minority languages and dialects, it also slows language change. Language change is a natural process in the evolution of our languages. Language is constantly in flux, ever adapting to the needs and realities of the times. It ever-changing and shifting its form, evolving in a process that is very much akin to natural selection. Language change is not so much a preference over one language variant, but the removal of a language that is socially inappropriate or no longer useful, for some reason or another.  (Lippi-Green, 1997, p. 173) With the presence of a homogenized form of communication and culture, the normal evolution that should have taken place to strengthen local languages and make them constantly relevant has been forcefully suppressed by the imposition of a uniform language or code that is universal to all situations. In light of this, language change becomes almost unnecessary because the homogenized form of communication has removed the necessity for the local language to adapt because the change has been imposed artificially by the dominant culture. Globalization presupposes the interaction of various cultures. Over man’s collective history, culture exchange has resulted in the constant evolution of cultures as it gets constantly exposed to another culture. This is a two-way process that enriches the culture of all those involved. In a process called acculturation, a certain group of people imbibe new ways of doing without necessarily changing their distinct identity. Acculturation represents the adaptation of a certain culture to change but keeping their culture uniquely their own. However, in this age of homogenization, acculturation has come to mean the slow erosion and subservience of the ethnic culture under the dominant one. (Castro 2003, p. 19) Thus, acculturation can be considered as a process of culture change where the foreigners or minorities must adapt in order to survive. In other words, this refers to the homogenization of communication and culture in order to flourish in a global community. This discourse does not mean to present language and cultural homogenization in a bad light. In some cases, such homogenization is truly necessary to facilitate communication and exchange similar to what a standard currency will do. What is important to remember is that a standard form of communication can be learned without having to sacrifice our own native languages and culture. Our ability to learn a language is elastic, and we can speak as many variations without necessarily affecting the other. To learn one form of language does not necessarily mean that we have to supplant the old one.. In an era of globalization where the language of trade becomes the dominant form, the ability to communicate in the standard language is a definite advantage. However with that being said, the value of the mother tongue should never be forgotten. The respect that we have for our own cultural heritage renders us with our own unique identities. And in an era of globalization, where everything is being homogenized we need to hang on to that identity or stand to lose everything about ourselves that makes us special, and thus indispensible to our community. How to cite Contemporary Diversity Issues in Communication, Papers